What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan. The pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to produce electric energy. Following are the differences between pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. First, a theoretical design was performed for determining the main characteristics where it showed an efficiency of 94%. Introduction to francis turbine the francis turbine is a mixed flow reaction turbine. It consists of spiral casing, guide mechanism and draft tube of kaplan turbine runner are similar to those of francis turbine. From the beginning, francis turbine development has always been synonymous with voith. Hydraulic turbines fundamental operating parameters classification impulse turbines pelton turbines reaction turbines radial flow. Very simple kaplan turbine design grant ingram 30th january 2007 nomenclature b blade height g gravitational acceleration h head k loss coe. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines. On the other hand francis and kaplan turbines are reacti.
Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. The ratio of utmost and least operating head can even be two in the case of francis turbine. The efficiency of a turbine is highly influenced by its runner wheel and this work aims to study the design of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. These are all major difference between francis and kaplan turbine. A brief discussion on a the design philosophy during the last 60 years with will be presented. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine free download as powerpoint presentation. B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward radial flow reaction turbine. Mainly it is designed for low head water applications. In both the cases hydraulic energy of water gets converted into useful power output. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel chamil abeykoon1, tobi hantsch2. This type of turbine consists of moving blades and nozzles. An example of a reaction turbine is the kaplan turbine and francis turbine. Kaplan turbine adjustable blades bulbtype bulge in pipe.
The kaplan turbine this type of turbine evolved from the need to generate power from much lower pressure heads than are normally employed with the francis turbine. Flow regulation is done by means of a needle valve fitted into the nozzle. This turbine was developed in the year 19 by viktor kaplan, who was a austrian professor. With decades of continuous optimization based on the latest hydrodynamic research, well over half the turbines manufactured by voith hydro are of the francis type. Tailrace which is a channel carrying water away from the turbine after the water has worked on the turbines. In 19, an austrian professor viktor kaplan who developed this turbine combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level. The water at the inlet of the turbine possesses both kinetic energy as well as pressure energy for effective rotation the blades in a hydropower station. What is the difference between kaplan and francis turbines. Flow regulation is carried out by means of guide vane assembly. Francis turbine is mixed flow turbine since water enters radially but leaves turbine axially. Francis turbine diagram, working, parts, advantages. Like kaplan turbine, the francis is a reaction machine.
Difference between francis and kaplan turbine pdf 23. Hey users, before going to read on our main topic difference between impulse turbine and. Other component parts are scroll casing, stay ring runner and the draft tub. To satisfy large power demands, very large volume flow rates need to be accommodated in the kaplan turbine, i. Nov 05, 2010 hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. The two main types of reaction turbine are the propeller turbine with kaplan variant and the francis turbine. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine. Hydraulic turbines pdfclassification, impulse and reaction. The pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which. The kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. It is the vertical difference between headrace and tailrace.
Here reaction turbine consists of fixed blades that act as a moving blade and nozzle. Mar 24, 2014 difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines the pelton, francis and kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to produce electric energy. The flow regulation in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevane assembly. The wheel is immersed and operates both the water velocity kinetic energy, that a pressure difference. Kaplan turbine is more compact in crosssection and has lower rotational speed to that of francis turbine. Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. The water surface in the tailrace is also referred to as tailrace. The reverse archimedes screw and the overshot waterwheel are both gravity turbines. Sir i love ur channel lot if possible can u provide pdf in detailor link of site where these easy language information is available. May 06, 2017 hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. Kaplan turbine is axial flow turbine since water enters axially and. Very simple kaplan turbine design durham university.
If the machine transforms mechanical energy into hydraulic energy it. Both serve almost the same purpose only names along with slight operating ways and their time of arrival is different. B francis an american engineer who in beginning designed inward. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare.
Kaplan turbine is employed, where a large quantity of water is available. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines. In kaplan turbine, the number of blades in the runner is generally between 3 and 8. The renewable energy re landscape, regarded to be in an infant stage of. This operates in an entirely closed conduit to tailrace. He developed inward radial flow reaction turbine called as francis turbine. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Francis turbine converts energy at high pressure heads which are not easily available and. Kaplan turbine has a higher efficiency than francis turbine.
The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. Pdf optimal rotational speed of kaplan and francis turbines. Hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. If you have any query regarding this article, ask by commeting.
Loss of energy due to friction of the blades is less due to the small number of blades. The turbine is capable of working under a medium range of potential head about. Design, performance and maintenance of francis turbines. Francis turbine variation in the operating head can be more simply controlled. Comparison between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. Abstract the aim for turbine design is to increase the efficiency and avoid cavitation and fractures during operation. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. This type of turbine is located in the old lowhead installations less than10 m where they are generally in water chamber, ie without scrollcase. The approximate ranges of head, flow and power applicable to the different turbine types are summarised in the chart of figure 1 up to 500kw power. Both turbines produced power due to both kinetic energy and pressure energy. The main difference between a francis turbine and a reversible pump.
The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than. An example of an impulse turbine is the pelton wheel turbine. Pdf design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. In this flow, the water flows parallel to the axis of the turbine. It is also called as propeller turbine and evolved from the francis turbine.
Since the kaplan turbines are able to operate under low head conditions they are used in highflow, lowhead power production throughout the world. Before talking about the differences lets see some similarities 1. Kaplan turbine is smaller and compact compared to francis turbine. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine. Bonneville dam kaplan turbine kaplan turbine schematic. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel decreases faster by wear than francis turbine. General arrangement of kaplan 1 introduction this short note indicates how a preliminary design of an axail.
Kaplan turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. Turbine, any of various devices that convert the energy in a stream of fluid into mechanical energy. Differences between francis and kaplan turbines mech4study. Hydraulic turbines and hydroelectric power plants 1.
Kaplan turbines can operate under a wide range of head conditions. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis. The rotation speed rpm is higher than that of the francis turbine. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine. Apr 05, 2016 the flow regulation in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevane assembly. If you like this article, dont forget to share it on social networks. The head h is difference between headwater and tailwater. The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than in the pelton wheel turbine.
Radial flow turbomachines common types francis turbine centrifugal pump francis turbine cutaway three gorges francis. Jan 23, 2018 francis turbine blades are designed in such a way that one portion of the blade design creates the pressure difference between the opposite faces of the blade when water flows through it, and the remaining portions blade design use the impulse force of water hitting it and this combined action of pressure difference and impulse force. The conversion is generally accomplished by passing the fluid through a system of stationary passages or vanes that alternate with passages consisting of finlike blades attached to a rotor. Our francis turbines, including the worlds largest and most powerful. Pdf the rotational speed estimation of francis and kaplan turbines is of. Francis and kaplan turbines notes for civil engineering.
The specific speed of kaplan lies in the range of 400 to 1500 so that the speed of the rotor is much higher than that of francis turbine for the same output and head or kaplan turbine having the same size as francis develops more power under the same head and flow quantity. Hydraulic turbines pdf introduction, classification, impulse and reaction turbine, layout of hydroelectric power plant. Francis turbine working principle, main parts, diagram and. A water turbine uses the potential energy resulting from the difference in elevation between an upstream water reservoir and the turbineexit water level the tailrace to convert this socalled head into work.
Kaplan turbine it is an axial flow reaction turbine. Kaplan turbine is a propeller type water turbine along with the adjustable blades. Pelton turbine was developed by lester allan pelton in the year 1870. In a hydro power plant as outlined in the figure, the difference between the level of the upper reservoir. Efficiency of francis turbine is less as compare to kaplan turbine. Less friction losses as compare to francis turbine. Water enters the runner and flows towards the center of the wheel in the radial direction and leaves parallel to the. In his design, he combined automatically adjusted propeller blades and automatically adjusted wicket gates to obtain efficiency over a wide range of water flow and water level. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare the. Design and analysis of a kaplan turbine runner wheel. Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle. Its invention allowed efficient power production in lowhead applications which was not possible with francis turbines. Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine with adjustable blades.
Water turbines are the modern successors of simple waterwheels, which date back about 2,000 years. Difference between propeller turbine and kaplan turbine with reference to their runner blades. Jun 07, 2018 francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine i. Feb 12, 2017 difference between pelton, kaplan, francis parameters pelton turbine kaplan turbine francis turbine type of turbine impulse type propeller typpe inward flow reaction type power genration mw 400 200 800 speed raterpm 65 800 70429 75 efficiency% 85 80 90. The kaplan turbine runner has 38 blades while francis turbine runner has 1525 blades in general. Kaplan turbine disposition of shaft is only in vertical direction number of vanes france turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 kaplan turbine has very small number of. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel turbine decreases faster than the francis turbine. Verification of model calculations for the kaplan turbine. The main differences between impulse and reaction turbines are, all hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle in the impulse turbine and whereas in reaction turbine only some amount of the available energy is converted into kinetic energy. Pdf in order to design a water turbine, the theory of the physical similarity of hydraulic machines is used in technical practice. Difference between impulse and reaction turbine with pdf.
Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. Note that this analysis is approximate and is useful for a. A kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was developed by austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19 and francis turbine was developed by james. Kaplan turbine disposition of shaft is only in vertical direction number of vanes france turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8 adjustment of runner vanes. Kaplan turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8 adjustment of runner vanes. Hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. Examples of reaction turbine are francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, etc. Kaplan and francis are two types of turbines which were developed by two different engineers. Jun 08, 2018 kaplan turbine is axial flow turbine i. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan turbine. An example of a reaction turbine is francis, kaplan turbine. The turbine is always installed above the tailrace and there is no draft tube used. The head ranges from 1070 metres and the output ranges from 5 to 200 mw. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
This turbine is used for medium heads with medium discharge. Gross head is the difference between hydraulic heads in the upstream and downstream reservoirs. In 19 kaplan designed a propeller turbine, named kaplan turbine. The turbine capable of working under the high potential head of water above 300m. Propeller turbine vs kaplan turbine turbine machines. Difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine with pdf. The inward flow reaction turbine having radial discharge at outlet is known as francis turbine, after the name of j. Kaplan turbine was developed by the austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19. Francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine kaplan and francis are two types of turbines which were developed by two different engineers. Francis francis francis francis francis kaplan kaplan kaplan. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the.
1018 756 869 407 385 338 381 1053 1570 718 1176 561 1026 1263 103 9 1027 1326 852 502 1575 370 370 1613 1523 184 369 316 43 1177 1254 46 150 1253 1456 647 391